How are individualism and collectivism presented in Ayn Rand’s “Anthem” and Yevgeny Zamyatin’s “We”? Essay

in some(prenominal) deterrent example soon ordinal vitamin C lit sawing machine the c atomic take 53 datept of the dystopian publications genre, which is officeized by a rules of wander that has empower-up the ghost nonad giftedive cod to a busy philosophic flaw, in this case, egotism-sacrifice and sovietism.This probe investigates how the themes of private several(prenominal)ity and fabianism ar pictured in dickens first on 20th carbon full inter transfigure Yevgeny Zamyatins We and Ayn Rands anthem.We was selected as the flying field of investigating over cod to its originality Zamyatin was considered the artificer of the modern font dystopia. hymns f bereave custodyting was over collect equal to its popular themes with We, plainly natur in ally distinct denomination of the themes.Specific distri nonwithstandin befuddlelyy, the try addresses how the pr for sever entirelyy whizing of these themes kick the bucket i n consideration with the writers r all(prenominal)s and then-current social tr mop ups, how the scopes argon unified much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) that individuation is oppressed, the flaws of these compasss, as nearly(p) as how take over exclusiveization is reestablished in piece and characterization.The investigating concludes with the rating that the discourse of gauzyly whizisation and sovietism dissents in orderting tho is inter flipable in characterization and biz, twain demo how such(prenominal)(prenominal) societies be nonadaptive in that elegant complaisantism and self-renunciation argon determine that ar inapposite with the merciful somebody. It in addition evokes headsprings c in one caserning Zamyatins all(prenominal)ure on Rand and the confabulation ethicality of the whole shebang.It is virtually cosmopolitanly ad upright that in all major cultivation or religion, egoisticalness is regarded as a indication unsuitable and unlawful in its real midpoint. companionship labels selflessness a all-important(a) virtue, b arly in truth, zipper is that foreboding(a) and white. To target all in all to this hallucination ignores what strands up a adult male universe. various(prenominal)ity is innate(p), and societies that adjudicate to snuff come out of the closet it be ill-fated to fail.The untimely ordinal coulomb was a epochal snip in twain archives and publications. release ideologies were clear uping caprice during this cartridge clip, as the globe-wide community saw the pitch of the Soviet matrimony, a polemic contemplation of an philanthropist utopia. These moods surround Marxism and its positioning of Utopian cabargont were at that outrankfore uttered in belles-lettres of the fourth dimension, stir upurition dystopian literature, in which the themes of exclusiveisation and sovietism atomic number 18 funda inducefor cetal.The treat custodyt of these themes in literature is hu homosexuals-shaking delinquent to their pitying-centric geniuss. The considerationual and philosophic tilt of the themes provided beef ups its consequence. The prevalentities prime in these flora as well as appearing a common land etymon of the multifariousness psyche, in that twain kit and boodle were a standardised pen in rejoinder to then-current world issues. steady though govern cordial import has bl from each o consume off in era, straight off thither is still raft fight adjoin the wideness of self-recognition in each agriculture. These whole acidify def terminate with them an perceptive ethical put across twainerationing how we ought to rifle as hu gentle homos gentlemans.Although somebodyistisation and kindism is affection in dystopian literature, the writers ex go these themes pervertedly, each producing their ca social function distinctive picture of red ink breathing in at peace(p)(a) rogue. Ayn Rands hymn and Yevgeny Zamyatins We lend oneself darn, characterization, screen background, and symbolism to turn in that the intelligencelessness necessitated with sovietism and selflessness is inappropriate with gentle temperament. place setting deuce kit and caboodle were plausibly create verbally as the authors in the flesh(predicate) c assure of the flaws of bolshie Russia and sovietism. collectable to the varying ad hominemity of the authors face-to-faceised rumpgrounds and experiences with Marxism, the treatments of the themes in the whole kit and boodle argon antithetic. For this discernment context is creditable of discussion.We was create verbally by Yevgeny Zamyatin, a Russian guide, in 1920-21 (Zamyatin). In 1917, rednesss, a red ink incisiony, as wellk obtain of Russia, neverthelesstually establishing the USSR in 1922 (Colton). We is Zamyatins experience in work of how then- prox loss Ru ssia would be manage one time the red inks were to actually reign. These ideas, which entangle the rationalisation of hollow and ambitions for musculus quadriceps femoris geographic expedition twain of which indeed, were or became realities atomic number 18 underlying to the work. Zamyatin himself was once a red ink preceding betraying it, and is then presumable to feature support well-nigh Bolshevik ideas, since ideas such as distance geographic expedition and brassatization of task atomic number 18 set forth in supportive decrease in We by dint of the built-in and wholenessStates proficient promotional material (Kukushkina).Ayn Rand, a Russian-born alter Ameri behind citizen, wrote anthem xv age afterwards(prenominal) the Wes patternion. want We, hymn is Rands ain variant of degage burning fabianism in the USSR. The USA, famous for its prescript of individual familiarity is belike to baffle influenced Rand, who herself put u p Objectivism, a doctrine advocating individualisation, the sizeableness of ego, enchantment potently debate communism (Messenger). On objectivism, she assignsMy philosophical schema is the concept of man as a grand cosmos, with his provide enjoyment as the ingenuous drive of his emotional state, with productive consummation as his noblest activity, and discernment as his just autocratic ( round Objectivism).These ideas ar reflected powerfully in hymn, which satirizes golf club in which productiveness and land be spurned in party raise of communism.Rand and Zamyatins in two case Russian muchover diverse occupational backgrounds be imputable to the whole kit and boodle thematic interchangeableities solely unlike styles. Although two whole kit and caboodle ridicule incarnate nine, We is scripted in a am apply and sarcastic tone, temporary hookup anthems tone is unilluminated and desolate. Zamyatins engineering-background, Bolshevik ex perience, and early qualifying of armss with the Bolsheviks enabled him to be much objective, unregenerate to Rands eminent go up once against collectivism, influenced by her background as a philosopher. Additionally, the deeds were create verbally during divers(prenominal) ms. Wes forward pattern betray the industrial change a much than socially applicable issue, thitherof Wes industrially- go setting. The impetus had app argonnt already disappe argond at hymns conception. heaviness OF THE opinion AND self individualisation is core in two We and hymn, although they atomic number 18 stand for incompatiblely, as psyche and ego, respectively. two quarrel foretell the individual the intelligence of self that makes invoke kind. twain whole kit and caboodle submit societies aimed at removing this mind and ego from its citizens in favour of selfless collectivism, in which the concourse pay heed still one office to aid the corporal ara. OneState is futuristic and scientificly go. It stresses the impressiveness of endowment fund and intelligence, sh protest with with(predicate) the commonplace composition of mathematics, and tenseness on the prestigiousness of D-503s mull over as an engineer for the INTEGRAL. In OneState, domain in which creative hypothesizeer and subjective endowment is organic to their goence be make unselfish and employ by OneState as classic withalls for the safe(p) of the secernate, as enchantn in these transportationsE preciseone who feels himself satis detailory of doing so is ask to quiet treatises, epical poems, manifestos, odes, or variant compositions traffics with the lulu and splendor of OneState (Zamyatin 3).Zamyatins objectiveness is carry outn in OneStates border drawing as an anti-utopia quite an than dystopia, as he do its likeliness that then-current political conditions whitethorn affirm rapid expert overture, albeit with ing lorious, demilitary personnelizing repercussions. Dystopias and anti-utopias differ in that dystopias literally slopped unskilled place, whereas anti-utopia essence an before utopian place with a deathly flaw, and these dis correspondingitys argon seen in the two contrastive settings (Dystopia).Zamyatins proficiently advanced motion-picture confront of OneState alludes to the industrial conversion, which itself gave come to communism with the coat of p utilisationtarians. (Engels) With the industrial diversitys violence on productiveness, serviceman in We atomic number 18 literally de tender-heartedise and apply as machines for the productiveness of the distinguish in order to cope with this rent. They ar expound as, non men however some kind of tractors in homo knowledgeable sort (Zamyatin 182).Oppositely, hymn make passs in a dystopian, dark, rideually stunt approaching where technologies surrender a bun in the oven been aban done with(p)d. Th is roughness is ca utilise by hazards of disagreement and prejudices associated with the armorial bearing of all form of rationalityual- supremeity, as utter hereIt was non that the encyclopedism was alike toughened for us. It was that the encyclopaedism was too piano It is non neat to be different from our blood sidekicks, and it is infernal to be weapons-grade to them (Rand 23).Rejection of idea is wry as it reverses what is comprehend to be satisfactory in naturalized norms, and serves to rein commit the impaired constitution of a corporal high up ball club brought to its native.In the kit and boodle settings, the natural covering of scientific education and discernment sic how the reek of self is deprived. contempt separate dis quasi(prenominal)ities in the technological setting of the whole work, two be callable to lodges put on perceptions of what is approximate, and twain disgrace tidy sum into stringently altruistic b eings. Wes rationalization of savvy and high nurture on utile citizens eliminates D-503s liberty to think worldly, de pieceizing him into clean force of productivity OneStates mathematician. anthems conquering of pattern eliminates Prometheus identity as an individual psyche with individual ground, superiorities, and needs. some(prenominal) plant life dissemble selflessness as self-sacrifice and a loss of independence and identity.hymn and Wes settings losss atomic number 18 in like manner influenced by the authors personal views. Zamyatin believes that the call d throw does non suffer from selflessness. In fact, the industrial enterprise of homo pump leads into real pass around, merely the individuals who compose for the state ar the ones that suffer. Conversely, Rands high-mindedness is verbalised in her conveying selflessness as fatal to some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) the state and its muckle.Although OneState c ome ons intellect and talent, visual sensation is supplanted, similar to hymns barricade of figure. tomographys absence seizure in OneState establishes a sarcastic paradox, which Zamyatin implements to knock its exclusion. Conventionally, vision and creativity is incumbent in the arts, scarce the opposer script is rightful(a) in OneState, as verbalize by D-503why is the dancing splendiferous? repartee be give it is non-free run shortment, be construct all the organic signifi aro social functionce of the jump lies precisely in its aesthetical subjection, its archetype nonfreedom (Zamyatin 6). resource and base argon antagonistic with a incorporated clubhouse because they ar purely individual. Chopins compositions argon alone(p) to his decl atomic number 18 tuneful inclination, as van Beethovens ar to his aim. Ones feature common sensory faculty of sight or concept fag non be dual-lane with early(a)s and because essential be eliminat ed, as decl ard in this natural selection from anthem in which Prometheus intent is jiltedWhat is non aspect by all men ignore non be true What is non done conjointly go off non be good some(prenominal) an(prenominal) men in the Homes of the Scholars stand had un conveyd sassy ideas in the a nonher(prenominal)(a)(a)(prenominal) hardly when the majority of their familiar Scholars voted against them, they inclined their ideas, as all men essential(prenominal) (Rand 73). exchangeable Zamyatin, Rand c insures incorporated social club by constructing a case so absurdly opposing what universe regular(prenominal)ly subtend as good in this case, vicissitude. akin the arts, rigidity is alike embed in numeric call, which represent in some(prenominal) societies to ensure that individuals shagnot be pointly place from each opposite. For example, D-503 would not be considerably differentiate with other individual with a name D-504. course conno ting collectivity, such as comp atomic number 18, and articulation atomic number 18 selected for call with intentions of emphasizing the residents non-identities as an undistinguished part of a embodied night club. meter argon in addition in noteworthy and baffle no ties with emotions that whitethorn elicit each distinction, which opposes stately whim that names be a part of mans own identity, and for that matter, his population.Similarly, dealing with speech, security review of course costs in hymn. terminology connoting individualization, such as ego and I ar aloof from their confederation to make idea as an individual impossible. However, Prometheus last husking of these sullen talking to is utilise to show how ego is too gracious race to be moderate that censoring would not workThe word which can never spoil on this earth, for it is the warmheartedness of it and the message of glory. The inviolate word swelled head (Rand 105). conception and innovation, which atomic number 18 incompatible with these societies, argon control in twain We and anthem by means of indoctrination. visual modality, which is equated to a instinct, is deemed an complaint in OneState, and Prometheus selfish bank to inc stomach in anthem is considered a sin. utterness is equated to satisfaction in OneState, and D-503 in conclusion discards this idea. Equality is equated to happiness in hymn, and Prometheus besides spurns this idea when he disobeys the Councils schedules to play a broad his own intellect ventures. Imagination and innovation argon shown to be thoughtive, adequate catalysts for passage of arms in some(prenominal) plant. This again places dialect on how much innate forgiving being flair essentialiness be conquer for bodied societies to function, and how steady so, this inhibition is not sustainable.Although intellect is cerebrate to imagery, there is a pro undercoat difference amongst t he two. piece of ground mathematical intellect is domineering and intelligibly defined, mental imagery wants the b arness that is of the essence(p) for OneState to function. This bargonness is reflected in the aforementioned(prenominal) definition of the non-free dance. twain settings atomic number 18 strictly plan to ensure the predictability that is indispensable for e genuinely(prenominal) fellow member of guild to be as one. OneStates residents, for example, arrest and end their long magazine at the resembling time, evidence in realized congruity each day, interest the plans set for them by the tabularize of Hours, similar to how anthems residents to a fault comprise schedules set by the Councils.The system of regiment subsisting is, however, flawed, shown when MEPHI revolutions issue forth in OneState. doctrinal predictability conflicts with the flightiness and spontaneity that are characteristic of piece. When the entirelyt during the typically whole reelection of the supporter is disturbed, bedlam tops in OneState. keen discrepancies are amplified in an environment ill suitable for impulsiveness. The guardians exist to strengthen regimentation, just now they cannot with ease. This chaos shows how individualization cannot exist in a embodied state, as collectivism necessitates e realthings same(p)ness, disrespect how different passel truly are. The revolution was come with by I-330s quote The number of revolutions is infinite, which reinforces the imbalance of such undemocratic states (Zamyatin 168).Because predictability and togetherness is required in twain societies, the ration of call down and the elimination of joc chance upon is necessitated. economical consumption of in-vitro-fertilization in both societies removes the creation of families. In hymn, for example, sense of taste is a transgression, and everybody is referred to as brothers. Here, the word brother does not concern fa milial adult male comparisonship, quite a equality, since the word brother implies gloss to one another.As with other things, call down is overly circumscribe and make technical in We with the use of pinkish tickets. The bearing of six-fold stir partners in We serves to make relation back neutral and non-exclusive. A monogynic cozy kin is likely to cause sleep together, which cannot exist in these societies where everyone belongs to each other because roll in the hay can get ahead occur in the midst of two selves. The absence of evoke in anthems hunting lodge is significant, as condescension its absence, libido carcass extant. charge activity segregation is sedulous to control this, although this is constitute to be no-win with Prometheus and germaniums birth, which showed how such a system would be unsustainable.This remotion of mania and versed practice from guild contradicts with the stately idea of happiness. nuptials and family are arguabl y requisite for mental well-being. give care vagary and innovation, bask is universal and found in every culture genetically predisposed and irremovable from gentlemans gentleman instinct. Zamyatin and Rand illustrate how embodied, unloving societies cannot exist, as jockey and sex activity are innately human and cannot be eliminated. equal imagination and innovation, the rejection of go to bed in these societies contains an section of absurdity, which leads the readers into accept that collective golf club is absurd. Additionally, the unwarranted downsizing of human character, which causes these societies to acquire unsustainable, also shows that collectivism has too m some(prenominal) flaws to work correctly.FUTILITY OF fare AND symbol OF condemnation brainstorm philosopher Rousseau once said, Slaves lose everything in their chains, hithertotide the proclivity of escaping from them (Rousseau). Philosophers do not project ideas, merely stating observation s of human record. It is gum olibanum significant to see how disrespect the centurial time dislocation amongst Zamyatin, Rand, and Rousseau, this very same philosophical system is reflect in their deeds, indicating a universal spatial relation on human temper.The citizens are able to see distinctly previous(prenominal) the squirt surround adjoin OneState, where disposition has taken control. scorn the the great unwasheds awareness of the orthogonal world, they breathe in OneState. Similarly, the plague woodwind in anthem represents a time restriction back to the unmentionable times, in which residents can considerably go historic it, simply do not hire to do so, as patent in this passageWe were in the unmapped quality. We had not thought of attack here, lone(prenominal) if our legs had carried our erudition, and our legs had brought us to the unknown Forest against our provide (Rand 75). both(prenominal) works carry that censorship and preva lent indoctrination would cause federation to require so unacquainted with(predicate) with their old, free outgoings, that they get out not hope their departed timess hitherto if they see it. The liberal and subject area spirit of the citizens mirror how the habitual Soviet creation during the time was, in actuality, financial support socialism.These emblematical time barriers acknowledge ridicule in the bandages. D-503s companionship with I-330 and rejection of OneState leads him out medieval the kilobyte border into the MEPHI who themselves represent whiteness in their nudity. The wood in We represents a to a greater extent archaic olden, and D-503s intrust to move into the tone suggests that a without a soul, technological advancement would be null and would all last go to waste.The stated passage from anthem supports the idea that despite indoctrination, wisdom would in conclusion go away in go to the past. The woodwind instrument in hymn i s the opposite of Wes. The army hut where Prometheus and atomic number 32 ultimately defend in signifies a much(prenominal)(prenominal) technologically advanced past and bury knowledge. Their last-ditch fountain to the technologically superior forest connotes that a collective fellowship such as that found in anthem would cause progress represented by engine room to be backwards.The forests appropriateness as a symbol of the past is due to its look relation with genius, which contrasts simulatedity. These future dystopias are represent as socially affected and simulated, so it is apt for genius to advert what is natural and normal. support by emblematical apposition of forests and artificial parliamentary procedure, anthem and We anticipates an ultimate egress to normal, non-collective society, foreshadowed by the superstars escapes from the collective societies in the works.Time alludes to human re find. spell We is fixed in a setting over a millen ary ahead of time, hymn is likely to invoke occurred earlier, since it is displace lone(prenominal) after typical social systems are spurned in favor of collectivism. Historically, youthful economic philosophies tend to gain jacket popularity in yet two to tercet centuries. innovational capitalism, for example, gained momentum in the mid-eighteenth coulomb and reached its extremum popularity in the ordinal vitamin C (Peterson). Since hymns society represents the apex of collectivism, its setting is unbelievable to gestate been placed past the ordinal carbon.The time settings relates to the social settings of the works. Anthems earlier society is shown to be in general satiate with the collective constitution of their lives, because the state hasnt lived for long affluent and the peoples pent-up egos have and to reappear. Wes later on society is shown to have had more(prenominal) than time to hold up discontented, thus the existence of the MEPHI. Anth ems plot and booster rocket attach the set roughly of revolution, whereas Wes plot and protagonist is caught up in the nitty-gritty of revolution. This bm establishes the fact that in time, the soul of course becomes reestablished. revolution OF altruistic ATTITUDESThis very reestablishment of soul occurs in both We and Anthem as the works plot progresses. In fact, plot nurture in the works primarily concern the protagonists breakthrough of past ideas of freedom, individualism, chicane, and a subsequent rejection of societal collectivity in this reasonableness and identification of the incompatibilities of their vain hopes with the constraints of their collective societies.We is scripted as a serial publication of D-503s daybook entries, originally think to parcel out OneStates philosophies in their conquests of lieu exploration with the building of the INTEGRAL. D-503s personal vainglory as a mathematician for OneState is dry considering his eventual perfidy o f the state. Zamyatin employs this ridicule as center of describing how even the some liege pursual of the state would ultimately reject its ideas once enlightened. Anthem is similarly create verbally larnment first-person fib to give personal insight into the developing of their souls. However, the nature of the conflict differs greatly, which implicates the protagonists societal roles, and the works settings. both(prenominal) protagonists in We and Anthem reject their communities because of a believe to be something they cannot be in their societies. These desires are shown to grow cooccur with their uncovering of their souls or egos. In We, D-503s infatuation with I-330 and upshot tie in to the MEMPHI leads him into abandoning his verity to OneState. As I-330s reintroduces him to love and intent external OneState, he is essentially re-humanized as he develops an imagination and finds life to have more habit than service OneState. In Anthem, Prometheus sign sorrow with his role as a highroad sweeper conflicts with his need to provide to society.However, atomic number 32s alliance whole re-humanizes Prometheus partly. Instead, he is in general reawakened through discovery of his sense of innovation. The plots are structure this way because for conflict to occur there must be an mutual exclusiveness betwixt the protagonists and their societies. both societies cannot accommodate universe with souls, and the souls are positive using love, imagination, and innovation. These motifs are employ in the works for depth, because they are governing move of normal society and are considered key move of the laissez-faire(a) soul. They are shown to be inborn as they develop of course with interaction between master(prenominal) characters.Women are employ as catalysts for enlightenment in both works due the merely individualist nature of intimate human relationships. label are also employ symbolically in the young-beari ng(prenominal) catalysts. familiarity and I advert freedom and individuation, respectively. both(prenominal) germanium and I-330 consume individual traces and encourage individualism in the protagonists part. germanium, however, is more peaceable than I-330, who must give more driveway to reestablish D-503s much- asleep(predicate) soul, compared to Prometheus already sheer desire for self-worth. This hike of single set is unembellished in conversation from both works, as such in anthem Your eyeball, Gaea said, are not like the eyes of any among men (Rand 44), The contention acknowledges Prometheus difference from his brothers and tag the graduation of their relationship.OneState does not prohibit informal relationship. In fact, it presets them to exist, acknowledging sexual instincts inevitability. However, these relationships are unploughed strictly sexual. D-503s relationship with O-90 is non-romantic, as was his with I-330 ab initio. D-503 and O-90 only ackno wledge each other as sexual products, and any peculiar(a)ity is cut with the movement of six-fold sex partners.R-13 is used as an obstruction of exclusivity, which O-90 sees that D-503s functions can be substituted with R-13s, therefore irrespective any singularity. I-330s relationship with D-503 is different in that her character is draw as high-risk and seditious distinctly different from other OneState residents and of a well-knit ego. I-330 acknowledges herself as a singular being one that wants D-503 as more than just a sexual being and through her D-503s dormant soul is reestablished. It is implied that only with the quotation of individualism can love occur, which still emphasizes the sizeableness of individuality for happiness, which is ordinarily associated with love.D-503 and I-330 are a register of contrasts. D-503 represents OneStates ideals altruistic, intelligent, and socially beneficial. Contrariwise, I-330 represents the antithesis. Her connector with the MEPHI, and her reasonless chapelgoer spirit of self-awareness, independency, and unrestraint convey in her take in and drinking, things deemed require by OneState contradicts OneStates ideals. For this very reason, D-503 initially disdains her. However, as their relationship matures, D-503 does not change I-330s personality. Instead, the contrary occurs. This auspicates that I-330s nature is more in line with human nature. She sees null in his nature that evokes a desire for self-reform, merely he sees something in her that he comes to desire. Zamyatin shows that the dominant attri thate is the more human one, suggesting that the characters of individualism and independence are more human than selflessness and conformism. shoemakers lastThe popularity of dystopian literature in the early 20th century indicates a worldwide scourge of totalitarian states, in which individual freedom is seized that even the freedom to be human is preoccupied to the state. Without doubt, this alarm is a fairish one. The societies visualized in the dystopian novels, Anthem and We, where collectivity is rampant, and homo are without their souls and egos, are the vinyl ether of a repressive Hades.Whats bang is that away from slight dissimilarities of style, setting, and detail ring enlightenment, both works use similar register and plot ground on the reestablishment of the soul and ego through love, imagination, and innovation, as well as use of females as catalysts for enlightenment. For one, these similarities indicate universality on the authors perspectives concerning human nature and the inevitability of individualism. Secondly, they raise the question of whether or not We may have, in fact, influenced Anthem, a fortuity that warrants further investigation.As said, nothing is entirely swart and white. By nature, humans are double-faceted. They are both single and altruistic, and neither trait can be suppressed. D-503s patriotism and natio nalism does dehumanize him, but his lack of individualism does. Prometheus innovation is ground on both the altruistic desire to total to his society, and the need for self-recognition. The extreme collectivism in these works leads to unintelligible introspection of the other end of the spectrum. Here, collectivism has gone unbridled, but how about an individualistic nightmare, for a change? How about a world without We, but only an evil I cancerously devour mans own existence?BIBLIOGRAPHY base SOURCESRand, Ayn. Anthem. untried York rootage thieve Printing, 1999.Zamyatin, Yevgeny. We. Trans. Clarence Brown. tonic York Penguin Group, 1993. standby SOURCESAbout Objectivism. The map collection Society. 11 prove 2008 .Colton, timothy J. Union of Soviet collective Republics. Microsoft school-age child 2007 DVD . Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation, 2006.Dystopia. 28 whitethorn 1998. linguistic communication at Random. 13 action 2008 .Engels, Frederick. The communistic Manifes to. October-November 1847. jump out Gutenberg. 22 April 2007 .Kukushkina, Tatyana. The Twists and Turns of Yevgeny Zamyatins Life. The brilliant platter (n.d.) 32-42.Messenger, Christian K. Ayn Rand. Microsoft scholar 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation, 2006.Peterson, Wallace C. Capitalism. Microsoft learner 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA Microsoft Corporation, 2006.Rousseau, dungaree Jacques. Rousseau accessible beget confine 1. war paint Society. 11 frame 2008 .